Know the Two Types of Disability Programs

There are two federal programs that provide disability benefits:

• Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI): For individuals who have worked and paid into Social Security long enough to earn the required work credits.
• Supplemental Security Income (SSI): For individuals with low income and limited resources, regardless of work history.

You may qualify for one or both programs based on your unique situation.

Meet the SSA’s Definition of Disability

To qualify for either SSDI or SSI in South Carolina, you must meet the Social Security Administration’s (SSA) strict definition of disability. Your condition must:

• Prevent you from engaging in Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA)
• Be expected to last at least 12 months or result in death
• Be supported by medical evidence

If your condition appears in the SSA’s Listing of Impairments, you may be automatically considered disabled—if the medical criteria are met.

Work Credit Requirements (SSDI Only)

To qualify for SSDI, you must have:

• Earned a sufficient number of work credits based on your age (usually 20 credits in the last 10 years for most adults)
• Paid Social Security taxes through your job

Younger workers may need fewer credits depending on when they became disabled.

Financial Requirements (SSI Only)

For SSI, eligibility is based on:

• Limited income (such as wages, pensions, or other support)
• Limited assets (less than $2,000 for individuals or $3,000 for couples)
• U.S. citizenship or qualified immigrant status

If you meet these financial limits and are medically disabled, you may qualify.

Common Qualifying Conditions

While any condition that meets the SSA’s disability definition may qualify, common conditions approved in South Carolina include:

• Musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., back injuries, arthritis)
• Mental health disorders (e.g., depression, PTSD, schizophrenia)
• Cardiovascular conditions (e.g., heart failure)
• Neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy, multiple sclerosis)
• Cancer and other chronic illnesses

Your chances improve when your condition is well-documented and limits your daily functioning.

State Disability Determination in South Carolina

Once you apply, your case will be reviewed by Disability Determination Services (DDS), a state-run agency under the South Carolina Vocational Rehabilitation Department.

They may request:

• Additional medical records
• A Consultative Examination (CE) with an SSA-approved doctor
• Questionnaires about your daily activities

What If You’re Denied?

Initial disability claims are frequently denied, but don’t lose hope. You can appeal the decision through:

• Reconsideration
• Hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ)
• Appeals Council review or federal court

Having the right medical evidence and support during the appeal makes a significant difference.