Understand the Different Programs: SSDI vs. SSI

Before applying, it’s important to know which program you may qualify for:

• SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance): This program provides benefits to individuals who have worked and paid Social Security taxes for a certain period. If you have enough work credits (usually at least 40 credits, 20 of which were earned in the last 10 years), you may qualify for SSDI if you become disabled.
• SSI (Supplemental Security Income): SSI is a needs-based program for individuals with low income and limited resources, regardless of work history. This program is available to disabled individuals who have financial need, and it does not require a work history.

Meet the SSA’s Definition of Disability

To qualify for SSDI or SSI, you must meet the SSA’s definition of disability. The SSA defines disability as a condition that:

• Prevents you from engaging in substantial gainful activity (SGA).
• Has lasted (or is expected to last) for at least 12 months or is expected to result in death.
• Significantly limits your ability to perform basic work activities such as sitting, standing, walking, lifting, or following instructions.

Review the SSA’s Listing of Impairments

The SSA has a Listing of Impairments, which includes specific conditions that may qualify for disability benefits. While meeting the criteria in the listing is not mandatory, it can make your case stronger. The SSA evaluates conditions across multiple categories, including:

• Musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., arthritis, back disorders, amputations)
• Cardiovascular conditions (e.g., heart failure, coronary artery disease)
• Respiratory conditions (e.g., COPD, asthma)
• Neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy, multiple sclerosis)
• Mental disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, schizophrenia)
• Cancer (e.g., breast cancer, lung cancer)
• Endocrine disorders (e.g., diabetes, thyroid disorders)
• Kidney disease, liver disease, and autoimmune conditions (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)

You do not need to have a condition specifically listed to qualify for disability. However, your condition must be as severe as those listed or prevent you from performing work tasks for at least 12 months.

Gather the Necessary Documentation

The most important part of your disability application is your medical evidence. The SSA will need documentation from your healthcare providers to evaluate the severity of your condition. This may include:

• Medical records: Doctor’s notes, test results, hospital records, and imaging.
• Treatment history: Details of any treatments, surgeries, medications, or therapies you have received.
• Physician’s statements: A letter from your doctor explaining how your condition limits your ability to work.
• Work history: A detailed record of your past employment, including job duties and the physical demands of the work.
• Income and resources: If you are applying for SSI, the SSA will evaluate your income and resources to ensure you meet the financial eligibility criteria.

Apply for Disability Benefits

Once you have gathered the necessary documents, it’s time to apply. You can apply for disability benefits in South Carolina using one of the following methods:

• Apply Online: The easiest and fastest way to apply is through the SSA’s online portal at www.ssa.gov. Here, you can fill out the application for both SSDI and SSI.
• Apply by Phone: You can also apply by calling the SSA’s toll-free number at 1-800-772-1213 to schedule a phone interview with a representative.
• Apply In Person: If you prefer, you can visit your local SSA office in South Carolina to apply. You can find the nearest office by using the SSA Office Locator on the SSA’s website.

It’s important to complete the application as thoroughly and accurately as possible. Missing information or errors can lead to delays or denial of your claim.

Be Prepared for a Decision

The SSA will review your application and make a decision. On average, it takes about 3 to 5 months to receive a decision on your SSDI or SSI claim in South Carolina. The SSA will evaluate:

• Your medical condition and whether it meets their criteria for disability.
• Whether you are able to perform any substantial gainful activity (SGA).
• Your work history (for SSDI) or your financial eligibility (for SSI).

What Happens If Your Claim Is Denied?

It is common for initial disability claims to be denied, even if you meet the SSA’s requirements. If your claim is denied, you have the right to appeal the decision. The appeal process has several stages:

• Reconsideration: If your claim is denied, you can request the SSA to reconsider their decision. The SSA will review your claim again, and you can provide additional evidence if necessary.
• Hearing: If reconsideration is denied, you can request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). This is your opportunity to present your case in person, provide additional evidence, and explain how your condition limits your ability to work.
• Appeals Council: If the ALJ denies your claim, you can ask the Appeals Council to review your case.
• Federal Court: As a last resort, you can take your case to federal court if the Appeals Council denies your claim.

How Long Does It Take to Get Approved?

• Initial Application: It typically takes about 3 to 5 months for the SSA to process your application for disability benefits.
• Appeal Process: If your claim is denied and you need to go through the appeals process, it can take anywhere from 12 to 18 months to get a decision, depending on the stage of the appeals.